南充市社区中老年人群血脂血糖现状水平分析

【摘要】 目的 了解社区中老年人群的血脂、血糖现状水平，探讨其与性别和年龄的关系，为本地区心脑血管疾病、糖尿病等疾病的防治提供诊疗依据。方法 对我市38078名社区居民采集清晨空腹血清标本，检测血糖（GLU）、甘油三酯（TG）、总胆固醇（TC）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL C）和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL C）的结果，并对其进行年龄、性别分组统计分析。结果 不同性别和年龄组间的血脂、血糖水平差异有统计学意义（P＜005），74~89岁年龄组血脂、血糖总体水平高于其他各年龄组（P＜005）；女性血脂水平普遍高于男性（P＜005）。结论 中老年人群血脂、血糖异常率高，应定期对中老年人进行血脂、血糖监测，开展宣传教育活动，提高自我保健意识，预防高血脂、高血糖的发生和发展。     

Does Rest Time before Ultrasonography Imaging Affect Quadriceps Femoris Muscle Thickness,Cross-Sectional Area and Echo Intensity Measurements?

In the work described here, our aim was to determine, in an elderly population, changes in muscle thickness (MT), cross-sectional area (CSA) and echo intensity (EI) of the quadriceps muscles at four time points (0, 5, 10 and 15 min; i.e., T0, T5, T10 and T15, respectively) after changing from a standing to supine position. Twenty-one elderly participants (14 men: 68.1 ± 4.6 y; 8 women: 66.8 ± 4.1 y) were evaluated at four time points. Rectus femoris CSA (RF_CSA), MT and EI of the quadriceps femoris (QF) muscles were assessed. EI significantly increased from T0 to T5, T10 and T15 (p < 0.001), whereas no differences were observed between T5 and T15 in the rectus femoris (RF_EI), vastus intermedius (VI_EI) and quadriceps femoris (QF_EI). No differences were observed between any time points in the RF_CSA and MT of QF muscles. In summary, these results suggest that periods >5 min are not necessary to obtain consistent MT and EI measurements of quadriceps femoris muscles in the elderly population.     

Association between sarcopenia and diabetes in community dwelling elderly in the Amazon region – Viver Mais Project

BackgroundStudies indicate the intrinsic relationship between sarcopenia and diabetes mellitus (DM) pathophysiological mechanisms. Changes in insulin and muscular metabolism are features of diabetic patients and can interact as sarcopenic accelerators. Conversely, sarcopenic patients feature lower glucose tolerance and higher serum insulin levels, predisposing them to DM.ObjectiveTo study the association between sarcopenia and DM in a community-dwelling elderly population of the Amazon region.MethodsCross-sectional study, performed in Belém, Brazil, with 1078 patients aged above 60 years old from the Viver Mais Project (VMP). The definition of sarcopenia was based in the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP). Calf circumference >31 cm was considered normal, muscle strength was discriminated by BMI and measured with the hand grip test, and gait speed <0.8 m/s configured low performance. DM was diagnosed when reported by the patient or medical form, use of hypoglycemic medications/insulin and in the presence of fasting glucose >126 mg/dl or glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) >6.5% on two occasions. Other medical and socio-demographic data were extracted from medical forms.ResultsThe frequency of sarcopenia was 9.4%, while DM was present in 36.87% of the patients, and had an increased occurrence in the sarcopenic group. Female sex, advanced age, DM, coronary insufficiency, osteoporosis, body mass index, waist circumference, triglycerides and functionality were associated with sarcopenia. In multivariate analysis, sarcopenia remained strongly associated with DM (OR: 3.208, 95%CI: 1.784–5.769).ConclusionThis study describes strong and independent association between sarcopenia and DM. To further clarify these findings, broader prospective cohorts are necessary.     

医疗保险制度对老年群体死亡风险的影响——基于CLHLS的生存分析

目的:探讨医疗保险制度对老年群体死亡风险的影响,为我国医疗保障制度的改革与完善提供参考依据。方法:基于中国老年健康影响因素跟踪调查(CLHLS)2011—2014年的追踪数据,以添加脆弱因子的Weibull模型与Gompertz模型进行生存分析,并且分年龄组进行异质性分析。结果:相对于无医保的老人,有医保老人的死亡风险随医保制度的不同而发生不同程度的变化,具体而言,新农合、城镇居民基本医疗保险以及城镇职工基本医疗保险分别降低了约20%、25%以及31%的死亡风险。通过分年龄组进一步分析发现,医疗保险对高龄组老人死亡风险有显著影响,而对低龄组老人的死亡风险的影响不显著。结论:医疗保险制度有助于降低老年群体的死亡风险,但影响程度各异,表现为城镇职工医疗保险最高,城镇居民医疗保险次之,新农合最低。基于此,我国医疗保险制度改革的重点方向在于继续扩大医保覆盖面,并弥合不同医保之间的待遇差异,在统筹城乡居民医疗保险的基础上,进一步推进城镇职工医疗保险与居民医疗保险的整合,最终实现城乡医疗保险制度的一体化发展。     

血清学检测联合前列腺超声造影对老年患者前列腺癌的诊断价值分析

目的分析血清前列腺特异性抗原(PSA)检查联合超声造影诊断老年前列腺癌的价值。方法选取2016年4月至2018年12月湖北钟祥市中医院诊治的50例前列腺癌患者作为研究对象。将这50例患者设为前列腺癌组,另将50例非前列腺癌患者设为非前列腺癌组。所有患者均行超声造影检查和血清PSA检查。对比前列腺癌组与非前列腺癌组年龄、前列腺体积、超声造影参数(强度减半时间、绝对增强强度、峰值强度、基础强度、加速时间、达峰时间、显影时间);对比两组血清游离PSA(f-PSA)、血清总PSA(T-PSA)、游离前列腺特异抗原/前列腺特异抗原比值(f/T-PSA)、PSA密度(PSAD);分析不同病理类型患者血清PSA水平分布情况;经ROC曲线评估血清PSA、超声造影在该病中的诊断价值。结果①与非前列腺癌组相比,前列腺癌组强度减半时间、加速时间、达峰时间、显影时间均更短,且差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。②前列腺癌组患者T-PSA、PSAD组水平均较非前列腺癌组高,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。③结节型和隐匿性血清PSA<4ng/mL率最高,弥散浸润伴结节型>100ng/mL最高,不同病理分型的前列腺癌患者血清PSA水平分布差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。④超声造影参数中仅达峰值时间、显影时间的ROC曲线下面积超过0.5。血清PSAD、T-PSA联合达峰值时间、显影时间诊断该病的ROC曲线下面积为0.924。结论血清PSAD、T-PSA联合超声造影能提高老年前列腺癌诊断价值,其中血清PSA能辅助疾病类型鉴别。     

预见性护理在老年糖尿病性冠心病患者护理中的应用效果

目的研究预见性护理在老年糖尿病性冠心病患者护理中的应用效果。方法选取2017年7月～2019年7月我院收治的70例糖尿病性冠心病老年患者开展项目研究,采用数字随机表法将其平均分成两组(研究组与对照组),每组35例。对照组运用常规护理,研究组运用预见性护理,对比两组患者接受不同护理手段的血糖、血脂、并发症等变化。结果干预前两组血糖、血脂对比无明显差异(P0.05),干预后,研究组高密度脂蛋白胆固醇高于对照组,甘油三酯、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、总胆固醇等指标均低于对照组,研究组干预后餐后2 h血糖与空腹血糖低于对照组,糖化血红蛋白高于对照组,研究组不良反应发生率为2.86%,相比于对照组的17.14%,前者优势显著,组间对比有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论针对糖尿病性冠心病老年患者,在其临床护理过程中开展预见性护理干预,可有效稳定其临床各项生命体征,降低患者不良反应发生率,对促进患者预后恢复具有重要帮助,可予以广泛推广实施。